Peter Drucker defined, "Management is a multipurpose organ that manages a business and manages Managers and manages workers and work." Based on the above definitions, it is now important to further explore the concepts of management. "Management" refers to the process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling resources to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively.
Here are the fundamental features of management:
1. Management is a Goal Oriented Process:
Each and every organisation is established to achieve certain goals. Every business enterprise has different set of goals depending upon the nature of organization. For example, the goal of a newly established school may be to enroll at least 100 students every year while goal of a company may be to sell 200 units of its product daily.
2. Management is all Pervasive or Universal: Whether it is a commercial organisation or non commercial, big or small, all require management to manage their operations. The activities in management are applicable to every type of organisation whether economic, social, charitable, religious or political.
3. Management is Multidimensional: Management is a complex activity and involves three main dimensions viz.
(a) Management of work.
(b) Management of people.
Management of Work: In each and every organization, certain types of jobs are to be performed.
Management of People: Management is concerned with “getting things done through people”, which itself is not an easy task at all.
4. Management is a Continuous Process: Management is a continuous process consisting of a series of functions like planning, organising, directing, staffing, and controlling. All the managers perform these functions regularly. Management does not stop anywhere. It continues without breaks and exists as long as organisation exists. There is an ongoing series of functions in which a manager is involved.
5. Management is a Group Activity: The management consists of a number of persons who work as a group. Efforts of all the members of group are directed towards achievement of common organisational goals. Members of any organisation may have different purpose for joining the organisation but as its members they have to initiate, communicate, coordinate and join their hands for the achievement of organisational goals. Hence, it is a group activity.