Women's organization developed at the national and local level in the early 20th century. Women's India Association (WIA, 1917), All India Women's Conference (AIWC, 1926), National Council for Women in India (NCWI 1925) etc. are some of the prominent women's organizations of that period. Although many of these organizations were limited in the beginning, their scope expanded over time. 

However many sociologists believe that this period of activity did not constitute a social movement, often holding that only educated middle-class women joined the social movement. Women along with men participated in various agricultural sectors like Tebhaga and Telangana movement. Thus, before independence women took an active part in various movements.

The women's movement in India was renewed in the mid-1970s. Some call it the second phase of the Indian women's movement. A characteristic feature of the women's movements of this period was that these movements were autonomous or independent of political parties. It is worth mentioning here that earlier women's movements were associated with political parties. There new movements focused on new issues like violence against women, land rights issues, sexual harassment and dowry etc.

 Basically, the tribal movement in India is an account of tribals' fight against interference in their livelihood, culture, religion and ethos by tribal feudalism or British imperialism. Rebellion by the tribals mainly refers to the opposition to the changes imposed on them in terms of rent, way of livelihood, forest land.

Other movements also reflect the demand for autonomy of the tribals and separate administrative units. The expansionist, repressive and exploitative policies of the princely states and the British Company in general were at the root of all these conflicts. The revolts of the Kol, Bhil, Ahom, Santhal, Naga, Singpo, Gond tribes are some of the major rebellions.

Causes of Tribal Movements in India :

Forest was an essential component for the existence and survival of the tribals. However, the entry of non-tribals into the forest for settled agriculture completely disturbed the lives of the tribal communities. Hunting, gathering, fishing and sustainable agriculture were the main occupations of the tribals.

The tribals also used forest products to build temporary settlements in the forests. But, with the establishment of the Forest Department in 1864, the Government Forest Act in 1865 and the Indian Forest Act in 1878, the government monopoly on forest land was established. The tribal community was denied their rights related to the forest. The new system created tension in the tribal society, which led to the birth of tribal movements in India.

Chipko movement is a good example of ecological movement in the foothills of Himalayas. In this movement villagers joined together some oak and rhododendron forests near their villages. When Govt. A large number of villagers including women, forest contractors who came to cut the trees, hugged the trees to save them from falling. Actually, the Hindi word chipko means long. Thus, the villagers saved the forest on which the villagers depended for firewood, fodder and other daily necessities. 

Thus the question of cutting trees was really a question of the essence of the villagers. Therefore, the Chipko movement pitted the livelihood needs of poor villagers against the government's desire to generate revenue by selling wood. The movement also raised the issue of ecological sustainability. Deforestation was a form of environmental destruction that resulted in devastating floods and landslides in the region. Moreover, this Chipko movement also expressed the displeasure of the hill villagers against a distant government headquarters in the plains, which is quite indifferent to their concerns.

Thus, the Chipko movement outlined economic, ecological and political concerns.

 Mass media refers to the means of communication that reach a mass audience. Thus mass media includes television, newspapers, films, magazines, radio, CDs etc.

Role of media in society :

The word 'media' is derived from the word medium, which means mode or carrier. The purpose of media is to reach and address a large target group or audience. The term was first used in relation to books and newspapers.

With the advent of print media and technology, media have now included television, movies, radio and the Internet. In today's world, media has become as important as our everyday need. Today's media is playing an excellent role in forming and shaping public opinion and strengthening the society.

Media is the sword of democracy. Media acts as a watchdog to protect public interest from malpractices and to create public awareness. Today when politicians are taking full advantage of their positions, the wicked nexus of mafia and crime syndicate is making the life of common man miserable, tax payers money is snatched, above all, for the personal benefit of influential and common people. Audience media is a big responsibility.

As the fourth pillar of democracy along with judiciary, executive and legislature, today's media has a wider role to play against injustice, oppression, misdeeds and favouritism of our society.

Media has been an integral part of human civilization since ancient times. From the days of Vedas and Upanishads to the orders of kings and emperors like Chandragupta, Ashoka to mediaeval Indian public meetings to modern audio video and print media, media has always played a vital role in shaping our society. 

In the days of freedom struggle, newspapers like Tilak's Maratha, Mahatmaji's Yuva Bharat acted as a platform to put forth the demands of the common Indian and express consolation with the freedom fighters. In the post-independence era, Indian media has grown at an unprecedented rate and today comprises over 50,000 newspapers, hundreds of television and radio channels.

Agricultural land is the most important resource in the rural society. But it is not distributed equally among the people living in a particular village or area. In fact, the distribution of land holdings among households is highly unequal in most areas. In most regions of India, women are generally excluded from land ownership due to the prevailing patrilineal kinship system. In most areas of India, the dominant landlocked group are the upper castes. In many areas of India, formerly 'untouchable' castes were not allowed to own their land. Under these circumstances, land reforms become necessary to provide land ownership to marginalized backward castes and clans.

Impact of Land Reforms on Indian Agriculture :

The abolition of the zamindari system resulted in the weakening of the high authority of the zamindars as well as their economic and political power in most areas. This law eventually strengthened the position of de facto landholders and tenants at the local level.

Under the Land Ceiling Act, the state was entrusted with the power to occupy additional land near each household and redistribute it to landless families of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

As a result of the initiatives there, the agricultural structure changed significantly, although it is still highly uneven.

Panchayati Raj is the system of democratic decentralisation – which aims of taking democracy to the grassroot level.

Constitutionally Panchayats should be given the power and authority to function as institutions of local self-government. The following powers and responsibilities were entrusted to the Panchayats.

(i) To prepare plans and plans for economic development.

(ii) Promote schemes promoting social justice.

(iii) levy and collect appropriate taxes, duties, tolls, tees, etc.

(iv) To help in devolution of government responsibilities.

As a unit of local self-government, the Panchayat has to bear certain social welfare responsibilities.

Some such responsibilities are :

(i) Kindling and maintenance of the graveyard.

(ii) Recording the status of births and deaths.

(iii) Promotion of family planning.

(iv) Establishment of child welfare centres.

 (i) The process of globalization is more economic than political and social. It actually means growing economic inter-relationships across the world.

(ii) The only force behind the process of globalization is scientific and technological development which has happened in a very short span of time. Globalization is fuelled by the rapidity of communication such as the Internet, mobile phones, satellite TV games.

(iii) Globalization calls for liberalization of national trade so that there can be free flow of capital and goods and technology. Therefore, globalization calls for an impartial policy of laissez-faire.

(iv) Privatization is another important feature of globalization. Globalization requires competition in the market, which attempts to sell government companies to private firms to increase their economy and efficiency. Thus, globalization involves the policy of disinvestment.

The impact of westernization on Indian society is wide and far-reaching. The process of westernization itself indicates the changes in the Indian society in the form of western influence. M.N. Srinivas defined Westernization as "a term encompassing changes in Indian society and culture as a result of more than 150 years of British rule at various levels, technologies, institutions, ideologies and values". 

The way of thinking and living of Indians changed as a result of westernization. As a result of English education Indians came to know about the struggle for freedom and equality in America in Europe. Apart from this, westernization also affected Indian art and literature. Artists like Ravi Varma, Bankim Chandra etc. were influenced by western style and technique.

A part of all this, westernization multiplied the process of industrialization, urbanization and secularisation.

The Assam industry is the largest tea industry in India and the second largest in the world after China. There are about 2500 small tea gardens and the total production of tea in Assam in 2009 was 500 million kg, while in 2008 the state produced 487 million kg of tea.

The tea trade in province is concerning 172 years recent. It occupies a crucial place and plays a awfully helpful role within the economy. parliamentarian Bruce discovered tea plants growing wild within the higher Brahmaputra River vale in 1823.

A garden was started by the govt in 1833 within the then Lakhimpur district. With the arrival of fine quality tea from this garden to London in 1938, the city's industrial circle took a keen interest within the tea gardens of province and in 1839 shaped an organization referred to as the province Company to handle the experimental holdings Gone. 

By that point the Malay Archipelago Company's administration had gone over the tea gardens established in province. it had been the primary company in India to provide tea commercially and was, in fact, an on the spot successor of the Malay Archipelago Company.

The web site at Nazira became a forest-free site and remained the headquarters of the corporate till it had been stirred to Kolkata in 1965. The official incorporation of this company took impact in 1845. However, this company didn't get a lot of prosperity throughout this era. the primary 10 years of its existence. By concerning 1852, beneath the management of St. George Williamson, one among the good pioneers in garden management, its scenario began to enhance, and its success created the prospect of the trade thus promising and remunerative that speculators turned to that.