What Is a Republic? – Short Summary
A republic is a form of government where power rests with the people or their elected representatives, unlike a monarchy where power is inherited.
Key Features:
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People’s Sovereignty: Ultimate authority lies with the people.
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Elected Representatives: Citizens choose leaders to make laws and decisions.
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Non-Hereditary Leadership: Heads of state are elected, not inherited.
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Constitutional Rule: Guided by a constitution that protects rights and limits power.
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Separation of Powers: Divided into branches (executive, legislative, judicial).
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Rule of Law: Laws apply equally to all, including leaders.
Types of Republics:
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Presidential Republic: President is both head of state and government (e.g., USA).
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Parliamentary Republic: President is ceremonial; prime minister leads government (e.g., India).
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Federal Republic: Power shared between central and state governments (e.g., USA, India).
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Theocratic Republic: Religious law plays a major role (e.g., Iran).
Republic vs. Democracy:
A republic protects individual rights and the rule of law, even against majority rule. A democracy emphasizes direct rule by the majority. Most modern republics are democratic, blending both systems.