The monitorial system, also known as the Bell-Lancaster method, was an educational approach where older students (monitors) taught younger or less advanced students under the supervision of a single teacher. Popular in the early 19th century, it aimed to educate large numbers of students at a low cost.

Key Features:

• Large Class Sizes: One teacher managed a large class, often hundreds of students.

• Student-Teachers: Capable students (monitors) helped teach their peers.

• Cost-Effectiveness: Designed to educate large groups, particularly in poor, urban areas.

• Emphasis on Memorization: Focused on rote learning and memorization.

• Limited Teacher Role: Teachers mostly oversaw monitors and maintained order.

• Military-like Structure: The system was regimented with strict rules.

Historical Context:

• Developed by Andrew Bell and Joseph Lancaster in the early 19th century and became popular in England, Europe, and the U.S.

• Fell out of favor by the mid-19th century due to criticisms.

Criticisms:

• Lack of Individual Attention: Students received minimal personal guidance.

• Rote Learning: Focus on memorization limited critical thinking and creativity.

• Reduced Teacher Engagement: Diminished the teacher’s role, leading to a less engaging environment.

• Military-like Atmosphere: Strict rules created a negative, impersonal atmosphere.

• Unsuitable for All Subjects: The system wasn't ideal for all subjects or student levels.