Global Commons are resources and areas beyond national borders that belong to all humanity and are governed by international agreements. These include the Earth’s atmosphere, Antarctica, the high seas, and outer space. They are essential for global well-being, regulating climate, providing resources, and supporting biodiversity.

Exploitation and Pollution of Global Commons:

Key Causes:

• Lack of global consensus on regulations

• North-South inequality in development priorities

• Overuse and illegal activities like overfishing and mining

• Industrialization and technology increasing pollution and waste

• Climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions

• Weak international governance and enforcement

Examples:

• Ocean Pollution: Plastic waste, oil spills, and industrial runoff harm marine life

• Air Pollution: Emissions from vehicles and industries damage the atmosphere

• Antarctica: Risks from illegal fishing and unregulated activities

• Space Debris: Increasing space waste threatens satellites and space missions

Consequences:

• Ecosystem damage and loss of biodiversity

• Climate change impacts like rising seas and extreme weather

• Resource depletion and threats to future sustainability

• Health issues from polluted air and water

Solution:

Protecting global commons needs strong international cooperation, sustainable practices, and effective global governance to safeguard them for future generations.