GEAC stands for genetic engineering appraisal committee. It functions in the ministry of environment, forest and climate change. The association of living and nonliving organisms constitutes the environment. The weather of a place over a long interval. Example: The climate of desert is dry with minimum rainfall and high temperature.

Role of GEAC in Controlling Genetic Engineering Research:
Genetic engineering has great potential and has significantly contributed to biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture. However, unregulated genetic modifications can pose ethical, environmental, and health risks. To ensure responsible use, GEAC performs the following functions:

(i) Approval and Regulation: It evaluates and approves proposals related to genetic engineering, including research, field trials, and commercial release of GMOs.

(ii) Risk Assessment: GEAC assesses the potential environmental and health risks of genetically modified plants, animals, and microorganisms before their release.

(iii) Ethical Oversight: It ensures that genetic modifications adhere to ethical and biosafety standards to prevent harmful consequences, such as unintended ecological disruptions or unethical human modifications.

(iv) Public and Environmental Safety: GEAC prevents the release of transgenic species that may negatively impact biodiversity, food security, or ecosystem balance.