Organising is a systematic process that involves identifying and grouping activities, assembling necessary resources, and establishing authority-responsibility relationships among job positions to ensure effective coordination and goal achievement.
Steps in Organising:
(a) Identification and Division of Work: The first step in the process of organizing involves identifying and dividing the total work to be done into specific activities (called jobs) in accordance with previously determined plans. Such division of work into jobs is necessary because one individual cannot perform the entire work. While identifying the activities it should be borne in mind that no activity has escaped, there is no duplication of activities and various activities are performed in a coordinated way.
(b) Grouping jobs and Departmentalisation: The second step in organizing is to combine or group similar/related jobs into larger units called departments, divisions or sections. This grouping process is called “Departmentalisation”. Departmentation can be done in two ways – functional departmentation and divisional departmentation. Under functional departmentation jobs related to common functions are grouped for example production department, sales department etc. Under divisional departmentation jobs relating to one product are grouped together for example sale and marketing of cosmetics.
(c) Assignment of Duties: It is necessary to allocate work to various employees. Once departments have been formed, each of them is placed under the charge of an individual, called departmental head. Jobs are then allocated to the members of each department according to their skills and competencies.
(d) Delegation of Authority: Since so many individuals work in the same organization, it is the responsibility of management to lay down structure of relationship in the organization. Everybody should clearly know to whom he is accountable and authority is delegated to the subordinates to enable them to show work performance. This will help in the smooth working of the enterprise by facilitating delegation of responsibility and authority.
Importance of Organising:
Organising is the fundamental activity of management. The importance of organisation may be explained as follows:
(a) Efficiency of Management: A Good organisation helps in making optimum use of available resources for achieving organisational objectives, increasing efficiency of management.
(b) Facilities Administration: A properly designed and balanced organisation facilitates both management and operation of the enterprise.
(c) Facilitates growth and diversification: On account of sound organisational structure growth and diversification can be successfully achieved for improving competitive strength of the organisation.
