Geography has two distinct sub-fields: 

(i) Physical and 

(ii) Human.

Physical geography deals with the natural features, which are independent of man like mountains, rivers, natural vegetation, animal life and the like. Human geography deals with man-made features like agriculture, settlements, factories, roads etc.

Sub - fields of Physical Geography:

1. Geomorphology: It studies the different landforms of the earth. Geomorphology provides the base for geography. These landforms affect the field of geology, geography and climatology.

2. Climatology: It is the study of different elements of the atmosphere. These elements include temperature, rainfall, winds, pressure, humidity and cloudiness. It is almost an independent science.

3. Hydrology: It is the study of the science of water bodies like oceans. The nature of water, its movement, its temperature, ocean relief, etc. are studied in this science.

4. Soil Geography: This branch of Physical geography deals with kinds of soils, their formation and distribution. It helps in the study of land-use in an area.

Subfields of Human Geography:

1. Cultural Geography: This branch deals with the cultural aspects of different human groups. The cultural aspects include the following aspects:

(i) Shelter.

(ii) Food.

(iii) Clothing.

(iv) Skills.

(v) Tools.

(vi) Language.

(vii) Religion.

(viii) Social organisation.

Some geographers prefer to call it Social Geography.

2. Economic Geography: Economic geography studies the economic activities of man. It studies the distribution and utilisation of resources of the earth. It is a study of products in the form of their production, consumption and exchange.

3. Population Geography: Population Geography deals with the study of biological and cultural characteristics of human groups. It studies the distribution of population, death rate, birth rate, age, sex composition, literacy, rural and urban settlements.

4. Historical Geography: Historical geography studies the geographical development of an area from time to time in the past. It helps us in understanding the region as it is at present.

5. Political Geography: It analyses the political and administrative decision in different political units. It is concerned with boundaries, capitals, local governments, international politics and regional planning.