Establishment of the Mughal rule in India under Babur:

(i) In 1517 Babur made decisive moves towards India. A few developments in India at that time also helped him to act on plans of invading India.

(ii) The unstable political situation in India after Sikandar Lodi's death convinced him of political discontentment and disorder in the Lodi empire.

(iii) There was conflict between some Afghan chiefs with Ibrahim Lodi. Prominent among them was Daulat Khan Lodi, the Governor of a large part of Punjab. The Rajput king of Mewar Rana Sanga was also asserting his authority against Ibrahim Lodi and was trying to increase his area of influence in north India. Both of them sent word to Babur to invade India. Invitations from Rana Sanga and Daulat Khan Lodi might have encouraged Babur's ambitions.

(iv) Babur successfully captured Bhira (1519-1520), Sialkot (1520) and Lahore (1524) in Punjab. In 1526, he fought with Ibrahim Lodi at Panipat and defeated Lodi. In this battle, he effectively applied the Rumi (Ottoman) method of warfare. Ibrahim Lodi died on the battlefield. Babur thus took control of Delhi and Agra and got the rich treasure of Lodis. Victory at Panipat provided Babur a firm ground to consolidate his conquests.

(v) After the Battle of Panipat, the forces of Babur and Rana Sanga fought at Khanwa. In this battle Rana Sanga was defeated in 1527. With the defeat of Rana the biggest challenge in north India was shattered.

(vi) In 1528, Babur defeated Medini Rai in Chanderi. With this defeat of Rajputs, resistance across Rajputana was completely shattered.

All these victories took a step forward in the direction of the establishment of the Mughal Empire.