The four major parts of human brain are:
(i) Cerebrum: It is the largest part of the brain and is composed of right and left hemispheres. It performs higher functions like interpreting touch, vision and hearing as well as speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, and fine control of movement.
(ii) Cerebellum: It is located under the cerebrum. Its function is to coordinate muscle movements, maintain posture, and balance.
(iii) Brainstem: It includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla. It acts as a relay centre connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to spinal cord. It performs many Automatic functions such as breathing. Heart rate, body temperature, wake and sleep cycles, digestion, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and swallowing. Ten of the twelve cranial nerves originate in the brainstem.
(iv) Diencephalon: The diencephalon contains the thalamus and the hypothalamus. The area functions as a kind of reply point between subcortical areas of the brain and the cerebral cortex. The thalamus and hypothalamus reply information about the auditory, visceral, visual, somatic and gustatory system, also known as the five senses. Many involuntary functions, also take place here including the control of immune responses, blood pressure, digestion, and body temperature.