Assam now produces about 1/8th of the total jute production of the country. In 1990-2000, the state produced 657,000 bales of jute on 90,000 hectares of land. The latter constituted 3.02% of the total land under agriculture in the state. In 2000-01, Assam produced 6,68,000 bales of jute on 70,000 hectares of land. The yield per hectare was 1730 kg.

Since jute is essentially a cash crop, its cultivation is sensitive to market demand and supply. Therefore, its production varies from year to year according to its demand in the national and international market. Later the demand for raw jute declined due to the production of synthetic fibers for making bags, carpets, ropes etc. It is found that the production increased from 129600 ha to 1178200 bales in 1985-86. In 1990-91, the jute production in 101600 hectares came down to 367400 bales due to fall in market demand.

Assam is the most important producer of jute in North East India. Assam accounts for about 81% of the total area devoted to jute in the region. This crop contributes substantially to the economy of the state along with tea, oil and timber. After partition, more attention was paid to Assam as a jute growing state. The state is now the second most important jute producer in the country after West Bengal. Assam dedicates 80,000 hectares to 1,00,000 hectares of land and produces about 8,00,000 bales to 9,00,000 bales of raw jute. Dhubri, Goalpara, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup, Darrang, Marigaon and Nagaon are the districts where it is grown in large quantities. Apart from these districts, Sontipur, Lakhimpur and Karbi Anglong also produce it in some quantity.