The philosophy of a country is the cream of its culture and civilisation. It springs from ideas that prevail in its atmosphere Though the different schools of Indian philosophy present a diversity of views yet we can find the unity of moral and spiritual outlook among them.
(i) All the system regards philosophy as a practical necessity.The aim of philosophical wisdom is to enlighten life led with le sight, foresight and insight. Speculative knowledge helps ins realisation of truth, good and beauty in our life. The highest air of Indian philosophy is to make human life, good and beautiful with the help of speculative knowledge.
(ii) Every system of Indian philosophy is moved to speculation by spiritual disquiet at the sight of the evils that cast a gloom over life in this world and it wants to under stand the source of these evils in order to find out some means for completely overcoming life’s miseries. Indian philosophy has often been criticizes a pessimistic. But actually Indian philosophy discovers and strong, asserts that life is a mere spent of blind impulses and unquenchable desires, it inevitably ends in and prolongs misery. But no India system stops with this picture of life as a tragedy. It also discover a message of hope.
(iii) The firm faith in an eternal moral order’ dominates the entire history of Indian philosophy barring the solitary exception of the carvaka materialism. It is the common atmosphere of faith i which both vedic and non-vedic systems move and breathe. Th faith in an order-a law that makes for regularity and righteousness and works in the gods, the heavenly bodies and all creature pervades.
(iv) The law of karma is accepted by the six orthodox schools, as well as the Jainas and the Bandhas. The law of Karma means that all actions, good or bad, produce their proper consequences in the life of the individual who acts, provided they are performed with a desire for the fruits thereof. This law helps us to explain certain differences in individual beings, which can not be explained by the known circumstances of their lives.
It is quite reasonable to maintain that all actions will produce their lives. It is quite reasonable to maintain that all actions will produce their proper effects in this or another life of the individuals who act. But is should be noted that the law of Karma has a limited application to the world of actions done under the influence of the ordinary passions and desire of the worldly life. Disinterested and passionless actions do not produce any bondage. With the attainment of liberation from bondage, the self rises above the law of karma and lives and act in an atmosphere of freedom.
(v) All the Indian philosophical schools. Except carvaka, believe that the universe is the moral stage, where all living beings get the dress and the part that befit them and are to act well to deserve well in future. The body, the senses and the motor organs that an individual gets and the environment in which he finds himself are the endowments of nature or God in accordance with the inviolable law of karma.
