According to Harold Koontz, “Management is an art of getting things done through and with the people in formally organized groups. It is an art of creating an environment in which people can perform and individuals and can cooperate towards attainment of group goals”.
According to F.W. Taylor, “Management is an art of knowing what to do, when to do and seeing that it is done in the best and cheapest way”.
Management is a purposive activity. It is something that directs group efforts towards the attainment of certain predetermined goals.
“Management” is the process of working with and through others to effectively achieve the goals of the organization, by efficiently using limited resources in the changing world. Of course, these goals may vary from one enterprise to another. E.g.: For one enterprise it may be launching new products by conducting market surveys and for others it may be profit maximization by minimizing cost.
Management involves creating an internal environment: It is the management which puts into use the various factors of production. Therefore, it is the responsibility of management to create such conditions which are conducive to maximum efforts so that people are able to perform their task efficiently and effectively.
It includes ensuring availability of raw materials, determination of wages and salaries, formulation of rules & regulations etc.
As per this point of view, management is that art through which a manager can easily achieve the objectives by utilising the full capacity of the subordinates. In this reference, following are the main points of its importance:
(i) Management helps in achieving Group Goals: It is the most important characteristic of management that it is a goal-oriented activity. A manager achieves these goals by giving the proper direction to the efforts of all individuals,
(ii) Management Increases Efficiency: A manager increases efficiency through the optimum utilisation of all the resources, such as, Man, Machine, Material and Money.
(iii) Management Creates a Dynamic Organisation: Every organisation works in an ever changing environment. To face the changing environment, many changes need to be made in the organisation as well. But people resist changes. Manager creates a favourable environment through introducing employees to the benefits arising by adapting changes.
