Their is main five mental disorders symptoms are:
(i) Disorders of Childhood: It may be quite surprising to you that children can also develop some psychological disorders. DSM-IV-TR deals with various kinds of childhood disorders usually first diagnosed during infancy, childhood, or adolescence. Some of them are Attention Deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) where the child has problems in paying attention or is extremely overactive and Autistic disorder are where the child is withdrawn, does not smile and has delayed language development.
(ii) Anxiety Disorders: You might have experienced fear and apprehension in your life. However, if somebody persistently becomes fearful, apprehensive, and anxious without any appropriate reason you may call this person as having anxiety disorders. There are different kinds of anxiety disorders in which the feeling of anxiety manifests in different forms. Some of these disorders are phobia or extreme and irrational fear of something and obsessive-compulsive disorder where the person has repetitive thoughts or has to do actions repeatedly
(iii) Mood Disorders: The person who suffers from a mood disorder experiences these emotions for a long period of time in a restricted way, remains fixed at one emotion or fluctuates on the ranges of these emotions. For example a person can be sad for days together or he/she can be sad one day and happy the other day regardless of the situation. Thus depending on the behavioural symptoms of the person mood disorders are of two types- (i) Depression and (ii) Bipolar disorder. We will now try to understand the meaning and symptoms of these two disorders.
Depression is a mental state characterised by sadness, loss of interest and pleasure in routine activities, disturbances in sleep or loss of sleep, poor appetite (weight loss) or increased appetite (weight gain), being lethargic, feeling of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness, and hopelessness, difficulty in concentration, and negative thinking about self and others. If a person has these feelings for at least two weeks he or she may be called a depressive person and for his/her treatment immediate clinical intervention is required. Bipolar disorder is characterised by alternating phases of depression and excitement or mania.
(iv) Psychosomatic and Somatoform Disorders: Diseases which are very common nowadays such as high or low blood pressure, diabetes, hypertension are physical illnesses but these are due to psychological causes like stress and anxiety. Hence psychosomatic disorders are those psychological problems which have physical symptoms but psychological causes. In the term psychosomatic the meaning of psyche is mind and of somatic is body. Contrary to this somatoform disorders are those disorders which are characterised by physical symptoms that do not have any known, identifiable biological causes. For example a person may complain for stomach pain but for this stomach pain there is no problem
with the particular organ (stomach) of the body.
(v) Dissociative Disorders: You must have seen many movies in which the hero of the movie, after a traumatic event, is unable to recall his previous identity, the past events and the people around him. In clinical psychology such kinds of problems are called dissociative disorders in which the personality of the individual becomes dissociated or separated from the rest of the world.
One of the categories of dissociative disorder is dissociative amnesia in which the person is unable to recall important personal information usually after some stressful episode. The other category is dissociative fugue in which apart from the memory loss the person also assumes a new identity. Another is depersonalization disorder in which the person suddenly feels changed or different in a strange way. The person feels that he has left his body or his movements have suddenly become mechanical or dreamlike. However, the most serious dissociative disorder is multiple personality disorder or dissociative identity disorder in which several distinct personalities emerge in the same individual at different time.
