1. Human Society exists in a universe of dynamic influences. For instance, change in material equipment and expansion of technology resulted in reshaping of ideologies and values. This, in turn, affects institutional structures as they take on new components thus altering their functioning.

2. The impact of modern social forces is evident in the change of family structure. The joint family system has been a common pattern in India. The head of the family exercises absolute powers over its members and distributes work among them. It is now fast being replaced by the nuclear family wherein family ties and authority of the head are gradually weakening. 

3. This change is also illustrative of structural change. Such a change, in turn, brings about change in the role of family members. This is indicative of functional change. 

4. However, as a result of the competitive economy and spread of education in India we expected a total transition from the caste system to the class system. But it is found that caste is not being replaced completely by class.

5. There is only a marginal change in the role of caste. For example, we find that occupation has become caste free. There is freedom now to take up any occupation. This is no longer decided by one's position in the caste hierarchy. We find many upper-caste people taking up jobs that were earlier meant for the lower castes.