Profit and Loss (P&L) account and Profit and Loss Appropriation (P&L Appropriation) account are two financial statements that are used to report a company's financial performance.
However, there are several differences between the two:
(i) Purpose: The purpose of a P&L account is to show a company's revenue, expenses, and net profit or loss for a specific period of time. On the other hand, the purpose of a P&L Appropriation account is to show how a company's net profit is distributed or appropriated among its shareholders and other stakeholders.
(ii) Content: A P&L account contains a summary of a company's income and expenses, including revenue, cost of goods sold, gross profit, operating expenses, and net profit or loss. A P&L Appropriation account, on the other hand, contains information on the distribution of the company's net profit, such as dividends, reserves, and retained earnings.
(iii) Preparation: A P&L account is prepared based on a company's financial transactions and is typically prepared at the end of an accounting period. A P&L Appropriation account, on the other hand, is prepared based on the decision of the company's management and is typically prepared after the P&L account has been prepared.
(iv) Format: A P&L account is typically presented in a single-step format, where all revenues and expenses are shown in a single statement. A P&L Appropriation account is typically presented in a multi-step format, where the net profit is shown after deducting all expenses from revenues, and then the appropriation of the net profit is shown in separate sections.
(v) Users: A P&L account is used by a variety of stakeholders, including shareholders, investors, creditors, and management, to assess a company's financial performance and make decisions about the company. A P&L Appropriation account is primarily used by shareholders to understand how the company's net profit is being distributed among them.