Functions of Supreme Court of India:

(i) It appeals against the decisions of the High Courts, other courts, and tribunals.

(ii) It settles disputes between different government authorities, between state governments and between the Center and any state government.

(iii) It also hears matters that the President refers to it in its advisory role.

(iv) The Supreme Court can also take up cases Suo moto (on its own).

(v) The law declared by the SC is binding on all courts in India and on the central as well as state governments.

Powers of the Supreme Court:

The Supreme Court has the following judicial powers:

(i) Original Jurisdiction.

(ii) Appellate Jurisdiction.

(iii) Advisory Jurisdiction.

(iv) Review Jurisdiction.

(i) Original Jurisdiction:

(a) In cases where there is a disagreement between the Central Government and a State Government or between two or more State Governments, the Supreme Court acts as the original jurisdictional authority under Article 131 of the Constitution.

(b) As per Article 139A of the Constitution, the Supreme Court may, on its own judgment or on the advice of the Attorney General of India, admit cases from the High Courts while they are still pending if they involve the same legal problem are to be decided by the Supreme Court.

(c) In addition, it has the power to transfer pending cases, appeals, or other legal proceedings from one High Court to another High Court.

(d) The Supreme Court is empowered to issue writs, orders, or directions under Article 139 of the Constitution.

(e) As per Article 32 of the Constitution, the Supreme Court is also competent to uphold the fundamental rights.

(ii) Appellate Jurisdiction: According to Articles 132, 133, and 134 of the Constitution, the Supreme Court has administrative powers in matters involving civil, criminal, or constitutional law. Additionally, under Article 136, the Supreme Court has the power to grant extraordinary leave requested by any Indian judicial court, but not by military courts.

(iii) Advisory Jurisdiction: According to Article 143 of the Constitution, the Supreme Court can provide legal advice to the President of India where the ground of issue is public interest. In addition, the President has the right to consult others on problems related to Article 131 of the Constitution.

(iv) Review Jurisdiction: The Supreme Court has the power to examine any law approved by the legislature under Article 137 of the Constitution.