Six Systems of Philosophy: 

1. There flourished six systems of Philosophy in different times of ancient Bharata. They are known as Darsana meaning visions of truth. They are Nyaya of Gautama, Vaiseshika of Kanada, Sankhya to Kapila, Yoga of Patanjali, Mimansa of Jaimini and Vedanta of Badarayana or Vyasa.

2. The treatises on Nyaya and Vaiseshika are about the atomic theory of creation. Sankhya propounds the animate soul and inanimate matter as the basic factors in creation. Yoga deals with the control of the mind and the body. Mimansa upholds the Vedic ritualism. Vedanta, meaning the culmination of the Vedas, is based upon the Upanishads.

3. The Geeta, Brahmasutra (of Vyasa) and the Vedanta are known as 'Prasthana Traya', meaning three basic scriptures, leading to the highest goal. The Vedanta offers rational solutions to the fundamental problems posed by the Darshana.

4. Apart from these fundamental scriptures which are supposed to have regulated the Hindu way of life for millenia, there are other literary creations of ancient India surpassing time and space. They are ‘the Panchatantra by Vishnu Sharma, Rajatarangini by Kalhana, Kadambari by Bana Bhatta, Meghadoota by Kalidasa, Artha Sastra by Chanakya, Astadhyayee (a treatise on Grammar) by Panini, Natya Sastra by Bharata, etc. There are also treatises on various branches of science, such as Charaka and Sushruta Samhitas on Medicine and Surgery, Brihat Samhita on Astronomy by Baraha Mihir etc.