Differentiate between Evolution and Revolution.

Evolution: The term evolution means more than just growth. Growth actually implies a change in size or quality in a desired direction. Evolution basically involves a more intrinsic change not only in size but also of structure. It is a process of growth increasing complexity and differentiation of structure and functions of society. It also refers to interdependence among differentiated parts. Thus we see that evolution is an expression of continuity indicating a certain direction of change. It is unilinear indirection, i.e., from simple to complex structure and from small to large whereas change may have many directions. Biological evolution explains change from a simple stage to a complex one as is seen in the case of a living organism. Many sociologists have compared society to a biological organism, thus giving an explanation to social evolution. It is taken to be a process leading to progressive differentiation with increasing capabilities and adaptation to the environment. This can be understood clearly by looking at the way people build their shelters.

Thus we may say that evolution is an irreversible process. The direction can not be reversed from the complex stage to the simple stage.

Revolution: Revolution is a form of sudden and abrupt overthrow of the existing social order and system. It is also characterized by a change that comes about in a short period of time. The system that replaces the existing one is totally different and new. Like in the case of the French Revolution the rule of the Emperor came to an end suddenly. The hungry and poor masses attacked those in power, wiping them out totally. This was replaced by the rule of the common man.

In recent decades, Mahatma Gandhi was a true revolutionary. He successfully fought against exploitation and overthrew British rule.

Revolution basically aims at liberating people from an oppressive system. It removes the prime cause of discontentment and thus puts an end to their social, cultural, political and economic suffering. However, the movements that aim at restoration or reinforcement of old, traditional, systems can be termed as counter-revolution. The emphasis on the study of Vedas, for example, aimed at the restoration of traditional values. This was meant to create a positive feeling towards social responsibilities and gender equality.