The scope of Political Science can be described under the following heads:
1.Role of the State: As we know that Political Science is the study of state. Gettel has said, "Political Science is a historical investigation of what the state has been, an analytical study of what the state is and a politico-ethical discussion of what the state ought to be."
The role and basis of the state have been interpreted differently. According to some, its basis lies in the consent of the people. Some others feel that state is a necessary evil and it should govern the least. Some hold a view that it is an effective instrument of social change. In Marxist view, the State is an instrument of exploitation. In Gandhian view, the State would justify its existence by acting as a 'Trustee' of the people. It should help the least poorest and the weakest man or woman. It should restore to him or her, a control over his or her own life and destiny. It is generally agreed that the state exists for the good of the people.
2. Functions of the Government: The scope of Political Science in terms of the functions of the government is as follows:
(a) The field of Political Science is rather vast. It includes the study of political institutions. This covers a study of constitutions and comparative governments.
(b) The government is the most important instrument of the state through which it realizes its objectives.
(c) To make laws and rules, to resolve clashes and to maintain peace and order in country are some most important functions of the government. It has to ensure territorial integrity.
(d) The democratic governments in modern times have to perform many other functions for the development and welfare of citizens and the society as a whole.
3. In Political Science we study about the various forms of government and their respective advantages and disadvantages. It also implies the study of three organs of government i.e., executive, legislative and judiciary through which the will of state is expressed.
