The factors which are responsible for affecting the climate are as under: 

1. Location: The places which are closer to the equator have high temperatures. As one moves towards the poles temperature decreases. India is located in the northern hemisphere closer to the equator at 8 ° .4' N and 23°30' N. Tropic of Cancer passes through the central parts of India. So in the south we find a tropical climate. For example Andhra Pradesh would be hotter than Haryana.

2. Distance from the sea: India is surrounded by sea on three sides. Hence, the southern half of the country is neither very hot in summer nor very cold in winter.

3. Altitude: Attitude also affects the climate of a country. With rise in altitude, temperature decreases. For example Shimla and Ludhiana both lie on the same latitude but Shimla is much cooler than Ludhiana because of the higher altitude.

4. Mountain ranges: Mountain ranges affect the climate to a great extent. Himalayas prevent very cold winds from entering India and they check rain bearing winds of South West monsoon and compel them to shed the moisture in India. Due to this factor northern India receives rain during the rainy season.

5. Direction of surface winds: These winds also affect the climate of India. The winds blow from land to sea are cold and dry and do not cause rainfall while the winds blow from sea to land are moisture- laden winds cause rain in most parts of the country.

6. Upper air currents or Jet Stream: Besides the surface winds, jet streams are responsible for sudden outbreak of the monsoon in North India.