(i) Indian society in ancient, medieval and modern times always exhibited an underlying unity that created a composite culture, which is decisively pan-Indian in nature. It produced a mainstream culture, in which rulers in different periods of time never interfered particularly in their internal dynamics. The cultural system has always maintained its own status independent of the political system.
(ii) Various kingdoms were frequently involved in wars at the regional level, but the aspect of cultural unity at the country level remained intact.
(iii) The notion of Chakravarti Raja and Aswamedhayagna is indicative of political unity. Many kings extended their empires to cover large geographical territories. Kaniska, Kharavela, Ashoka and Samudragupta were powerful monarchs who controlled extensive empires.
(iv) Ashoka's greatness is well known. He ruled from Pataliputra. He conquered Kalinga, The bloodshed in the Kalinga turned him into a benign Buddhist.
(v) The kingdoms in the south such as Cholas, Chera, Pandya Rastrakuta, Chalukya, Pallava, Vijay Nagar and the Sunga, Satavahana, Kushan, Gupta, and Vakatakas in the north, worked towards the promotion of regional cultures.
(vi) Most of them were great builders. Due to their patronage, temple architecture reached glorious heights in South India.