The cold chain does not start when temperature-sensitive stuff leaves a manufacturer’s firm. It begins with the storage of the items at a refrigerated facility. If producers of cold chain items do not have the required storage equipment to keep their items cold, they will have to outsource their cold chain operations to a service provider who can support the Equipment. 3PL firms provide warehouse services for the storage of cold chain items for some time, at an intermediary place for easy supply to the local market or shipping to a distant market in near future. A few common types of cold storage facilities and equipment include cold rooms, refrigerated containers, cold boxes, chillers, vaccine carriers and blast

Freezers.

(i) Packaging: For temperature-controlled items to uphold their quality during shipment, they must be packaged appropriately. Proper packaging minimises the risk of item contamination and also confirms energy-efficient storage of items along the cold chain.

(ii) Monitoring: of cold chain items need to keep track of information on their shipment, depending on the type of items they produce. This information comprises ranges of temperature and other environment  parameters like humidity levels that may compromise the integrity of temperature sensitive freight. Prepared with this information, shippers can inspect their supply chain procedures to spot activities and environments that lead to inefficiencies.