For releasing its aim and objectives Geography heavily depends upon scientific methods and logic. This implies an orderly way of gathering the facts that are relevant, classifying them on the basis of similarities, and an effort based on clear reasoning to draw some meaningful inferences. By technique we mean the ways in which the facts are sifted, processed and interpreted. For this the geographer uses:

(a) Cartographic. and 

(b) Quantitative methods.

(a) Cartographic Method: Maps are prepared under this method. These maps are based on collected data. They give some meaningful results.

(b) Quantitative Method: This method involves a systematic way of collecting data. The data is classified and interpreted. On this basis of similarities generalisation are drawn.

While doing this task the geographer's attention is restricted to the area under study and the changes taking place within that area. He marks the pattern, process and human response to these changes and also how man's effort expresses itself in the terrain. He also marks whether these changes show some commonness and conform to some tendencies or laws.

In developing this reasoning the geographer uses, deductive and inductive methods. Deductive implies conclusions arising from a stated premises. Inductive means gathering a set of facts and trying to identify the commonness in the observed patterns and associations. In both cases, we try to see some meaningful inferences and more importantly we try to test whether our inferences are correct or otherwise. This testing is called empirical testing. Air photographs, space photographs and computers have considerably strengthened the tools of geographer.