Recent development, criminalization of politics and Vohra committee recommendation:

(i) In spite of the valuable recommendations made by the ARC to streamline the relationship between the minister and the civil servants, nothing much seems to have changed because of political and administrative apathy. Making the matters worse is the growth in recent times of a nexus between the politicians, criminals, police and the civil servants rooted in the considerations of "mutuality of benefit".

(ii) An increasing use of money and muscle power by political parties in winning elections is common knowledge. Since the muscle power is mostly provided by the mafia and the criminals,a close nexus has come to prevail between the politicians and the criminals resulting in "criminalization of politics".

(iii) This has been the main conclusion of the Vohra Committee Report of 1993 submitted by the then Home Secretary,Mr. N.N.Vohra which was set up to look into the criminalization of politics. The report observed that the mafia and the criminals enjoyed the patronage of politicians and the protection of government functionaries.

(iv) It pointed out how the nexus was virtually running a parallel government,pushing the state apparatus into irrelevance.Here the two elites political and administrative,join hands and become not only thick friends but also grand thieves.Such a nexus is detrimental to public interest.